Orthodontic treatment is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of dento-maxillary anomalies. Its purpose is to correct the alignment of teeth and jaws to improve functionality, aesthetics, and long-term oral health.

It is intended for:

• Children and adolescents (to guide the development of permanent teeth);
• Adults (who wish to correct tooth positioning or improve the aesthetics of their smile);
• Individuals with functional problems (incorrect bite, difficulties with chewing or speaking).

The first orthodontic consultation is recommended around the age of 6–7 years, when the first permanent teeth appear. At this age, the dentist can identify:

• Bite problems;
• Abnormal gaps between teeth;
• Crowding or incorrect tooth positions;
• Imbalances in the growth of the two jaws.

Even if the actual treatment may begin later, early evaluation helps prevent complex conditions or allows early intervention in severe cases.

No. Orthodontic treatment can be successfully performed at any age, as long as:

• The teeth are healthy;
• The gums and supporting bone do not have severe conditions (e.g., advanced periodontitis);
• The patient is motivated and follows the dentist’s instructions.

Today, more and more adults are choosing orthodontic treatments, whether for functional or aesthetic reasons, benefiting from discreet solutions such as clear aligners.

There are several orthodontic options depending on needs, age, and aesthetic preferences:

• Fixed metal braces – the most common, effective, and affordable.
• Fixed ceramic braces – more aesthetic, tooth-colored.
• Lingual braces – applied on the inner side of the teeth, completely invisible.
• Clear aligners (e.g., Invisalign) – removable trays, very discreet.
• Removable braces – mainly used in childhood to guide dental growth.

The orthodontist will recommend the suitable braces based on the complexity of the case and patient preferences.

The duration of treatment varies depending on:

• The complexity of the case (minor crowding vs. severe malocclusion);
• The type of braces used;
• Adherence to periodic visits and instructions.

In general:

• Simple cases: 6–12 months;
• Moderate cases: 12–18 months;
• Complex cases: up to 24–30 months.

At the end, a retention phase follows, during which the patient wears special retainers to maintain the results.

Orthodontic treatment is not painful, but some temporary discomforts may occur:

• After applying or adjusting the braces: sensitivity, mild pressure, pain when chewing for 2–4 days.
• In case of local irritation: brackets may rub against the mucosa of the cheeks or lips (resolved with orthodontic wax).
• With aligners: pressure during the first days of wearing a new set.

All these symptoms are normal and temporary. If pain persists, it is recommended to contact your orthodontist.

Oral hygiene is essential during orthodontic treatment to prevent:

• Plaque buildup;
• Dental cavities;
• Gum inflammation;

Recommendations:

• Brush teeth after every meal (using a special orthodontic toothbrush);
• Use dental floss with a threader or a water flosser;
• Use interdental brushes for spaces between brackets;
• Use alcohol-free antibacterial mouthwash;
• Attend regular professional cleanings.

To prevent damage to your braces or other problems, avoid:

• Hard foods: nuts, peanuts, popcorn, hard candies;
• Sticky foods: caramels, chewing gum;
• Crispy foods: pretzels, chips;
• Biting into food with your front teeth (e.g., raw apples, hard sandwiches) – it’s better to cut them into small pieces.

After braces removal:

• Dental surfaces are cleaned;
• The final result is evaluated;
• Personalized retainers are made (or a fixed retainer is applied).

The retention phase is crucial: without it, teeth can shift back to their original positions. Retainers must be worn as directed by the dentist (usually at night for 6–12 months or longer).